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The ice cap covering the region creates the glaciers that form icebergs when they reach the sea, which then drift north on the sea currents. During the summer, the sun shines all day long, while during winter the sun remains hidden, enshrouding the continent in almost constant darkness.
Its most typical fauna includes sea elephants, seals, killer whales and the blue and right whales, the largest mammal in the world. The region's birdlife features mainly different species of penguins, exclusive to the Southern Hemisphere.
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